---
breadcrumbs:
- - /nativeclient
  - Native Client
- - /nativeclient/reference
  - '4: Reference'
page_name: research-papers
title: Research Papers
---

Google's Native Client engineering team has published the following papers about
Native Client technology:

*   [Native Client: A Sandbox for Portable, Untrusted x86 Native
            Code](http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/34913.pdf),
            Appeared in the 2009 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
            (<http://oakland09.cs.virginia.edu>), May 2009
*   [Adapting Software Fault Isolation to Contemporary CPU
            Architectures](http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/35649.pdf).
            Appeared in the 19th USENIX Security Symposium
            (<http://www.usenix.org/events/sec10/index.html>), August 2010;
            originally posted February 2010, revised June 2010
*   [PNaCl: Portable Native Client
            Executables](https://docs.google.com/a/chromium.org/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=Y2hyb21pdW0ub3JnfGRldnxneDo3ZmQ2NjI2NjFkM2EzYjFl),
            white paper, February 2010
*   [Language-Independent Sandboxing of Just-In-Time Compilation and
            Self-Modifying
            Code](http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/37204.pdf),
            Appear in the 2011 Conference on Programming Language Design and
            Implementation (<http://pldi11.cs.utah.edu>) June 2011.
